An Afro-Asiatic language and a member of the Semitic group, spoken by approx. 5 million speakers in Israel, where it is the official language, and, with varying levels of fluency, by some 10 million Jews all over the world; Modern Israeli Hebrew is also known as Ivrit.
The earliest attested period is Classical or Biblical Hebrew, best known as the language of the Old Testament, spanning from c. 12th to the 2nd century BC. The language was spoken throughout ancient Palestine until about the 3rd century BC, when it gave way to Aramaic, but continued to be the liturgical and literary language of Judaism. Mishnaic Hebrew is a later form of the language, represented by the collection of rabbinical literature, the most prominent of which is the Mishnah, a collection of Hebrew treatises on Jewish law, written in the 1st century AD. Medieval Hebrew continued to be in use in religion and scholarship between the 6th and 13th centuries.
Modern Hebrew, revived as a spoken language in the 19th century, was declared the official language of Israel in 1948. The vocabulary of the language is largely based on Biblical Hebrew and the syntax on Mishnaic Hebrew. The language is written from right to left and uses the Hebrew alphabet, consisting of 22 characters. It is derived from the Aramaic script, based on the Phoenician prototype. There are two varieties of orthography: xaser, observed in literary style, and male, used in conversational style and also in the press.
| Dictionaries | |
| The Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English lexicon : with an appendix containing the Biblical Aramaic ... | HE(BIB) DICO 1 |
| Langenscheidt's pocket Hebrew dictionary to the Old Testament : Hebrew - English | HE(BIB) DICO 2 |
| Grammar | |
| Biblical Hebrew : an introductory grammar | HE(BIB) GRAM 1 |
| Introduction to Biblical Hebrew | HE(BIB) GRAM 2 |
| A Practical Grammar for Classical Hebrew | HE(BIB) GRAM 3 |
| Writing Skills | |
| Classical Hebrew composition | HE(BIB) WSKILS 1 |
| Basic | |
| Choveret le' machilim | HE CBEG 10 |
| Complete Modern Hebrew | HE CBEG 5(PACK) |
| Colloquial Hebrew : the complete course for beginners | HE CBEG 6(PACK) |
| Essential Hebrew : living language | HE CBEG 9(PACK) |
| Hebrew : a self-study audio-video cassette course (Hebrew so simple!) | HE CBEG 4(PACK) |
| Ivrit me-alef ad tav 1 -- 4th ed. | HE CBEG 8(PACK) |
| 'Ivrit min ha-hathala : ha-hadash : helek aleph = Hebrew from scratch : Part l | HE CBEG 7(PACK) |
| Modern Hebrew for beginners: a multimedia program for students at the beginning and intermediate levels | HE CBEG 1 |
| The Routledge introductory course in modern Hebrew | HE CBEG 2 |
| Welcome! to Hebrew | HE CBEG 3(PACK) |
| Intermediate | |
| Hebrew : a language course level 2 | HE CINT 4 |
| Intermediate Hebrew : living language | HE CINT 3(PACK) |
| 'Ivrit min ha-hathala : ha-hadash : helek bet = Hebrew from scratch : Part ll | HE CINT 2(PACK) |
| Modern Hebrew for intermediate students : a multimedia program | HE CINT 1 |
| Advanced | |
| Advanced Hebrew : living language | HE CADV 1(PACK) |
| ʻIvrit be-he ha-yediʻah : havanat ha-niḳra, havaʻah, taḥbir ṿe-haʻashrah simanṭit le-ramah 5 | HE CADV 2(PACK) |
| English-Hebrew dictionary and Hebrew-English dictionary of contemporary Israeli Hebrew | HE DICO 2 |
| Hippocrene practical English-Hebrew, Hebrew-English conversational dictionary : romanized | HE DICO 5 |
| Oxford English-Hebrew, Hebrew-English dictionary | HE DICO 4 |
| Pocket bilingual dictionary English-Hebrew Hebrew-English : completely transliterated | HE DICO 3 |
| The Usborne first thousand words in Hebrew : with easy pronunciation guide | HE DICO 1 |
| Aharon Appelfeld in Cambridge - a testimony | HE DOCU 11:1(VS) |
| Avraham B. Yehoshua in conversation with Clive Sinclair | HE DOCU 11:2(VS) |
| Israel's generals : Ariel Sharon (Storyville series) | HE DOCU 12:3(VS) |
| Israel's generals : Itzhak Rabin (Storyville series) | HE DOCU 12:2(VS) |
| Israel's generals : Moshe Dayan (Storyville series) | HE DOCU 12:1(VS) |
| The South Bank show Amos Oz Imagine... Amos Oz |
HE DOCU 1(VS) HE DOCU 1:1(VS) |
| Tsahal : Part 1 Tsahal : part 2 |
HE DOCU 5:1(VS) HE DOCU 5:2(VS) |
| The voyage of Exodus | HE DOCU 6(VS) |
| Adama meshuga'at | HE FILM 35(DVD)* |
| ha-asonot shel Ninah | HE FILM 32(DVD)* |
| Aretz hadasha | HE FILM 7(VS) |
| Atash | HE FILM 23(DVD)* |
| Beaufort | HE FILM 1(DVD)* |
| Bikur ha-tizmoret Bikur ha-tizmoret |
HE FILM 39:1(DVD)* HE FILM 39:2(DVD)* |
| Children of the sun | HE FILM 38(DVD)* |
| Cup Final | HE FILM 4(DVD)* |
| Esh tzolevet | HE FILM 9(VS) |
| Etz ha-domim tafus | HE FILM 29(DVD)* |
| Etz limon | HE FILM 40(DVD)* |
| Eyes wide open | HE FILM 13(DVD)* |
| Forgiveness | HE FILM 36(DVD)* |
| Free Zone | HE FILM 20(DVD)* |
| The gatekeepers | HE FILM 3(DVD)* |
| Giv'at Halfon Eina Ona | HE FILM 16(DVD)* |
| Ha-hesder | HE FILM 10(VS) |
| Hufshat kayits (My father my lord) | HE FILM 6(DVD) |
| In between | HE FILM 42(DVD)* |
| Kadosh | HE FILM 8(DVD)* |
| ha-Kala ha-surith | HE FILM 21(DVD)* |
| Karov la bayit | HE FILM 34(DVD)* |
| ha-Kayits shel Aviyah | HE FILM 18(DVD)* |
| Kelarah ha-kedoshah | HE FILM 27(DVD)* |
| Kippur | HE FILM 19(DVD)* |
| Knafayim shvuorot | HE FILM 11(DVD)* |
| Lalekhet ál ha-mayim | HE FILM 28(DVD)* |
| Lemarit ain | HE FILM 26(DVD)* |
| ha-Mahtzeva | HE FILM 17(DVD)* |
| Medurat ha-shevet | HE FILM 24(DVD)* |
| Metallic blues | HE FILM 23(DVD)* |
| Mishehu la-rutz ito | HE FILM 30(DVD)* |
| Next to her | HE FILM 30(DVD)* |
| Noodle | HE FILM 41(DVD)* |
| Sallah | HE FILM 15(DVD)* |
| Sh'chur | HE FILM 14(DVD) |
| Sof ha-olam semolah | HE FILM 25(DVD)* |
| Srugim : Season 1 | HE FILM 5:1-3(DVD)* |
| ha-ushpizin | HE FILM 33(DVD)* |
| Va, vis et deviens | HE FILM 31(DVD)* |
| Waltz with Bashir | HE FILM 2(DVD)* |
| 501 Hebrew verbs | HE GRAM 1 |
| Chick-Chack! : a gateway to modern Hebrew grammar | HE GRAM 2 |
| The grammar of Modern Hebrew | HE GRAM 3 |
| Hebrew level 1 | HE GRAM 6 |
| Modern Hebrew : an essential grammar - 2nd ed. | HE GRAM 4 |
| Modern Hebrew : an essential grammar : answers to exercises | HE GRAM 4a |
| A reference grammar of Modern Hebrew | HE GRAM 5 |
| Listening - Factual | |
| Listening to Hebrew : a conversation with the writer David Grossman | HE LFACT 1(PACK) |
| Listening Skills | |
| Daily life in Israel : listening and viewing comprehension : student workbook | HE LSKILLS 1(PACK) |
| Daily life in Israel : listening and viewing comprehension : teacher guide book | HE LSKILLS 1a(PACK) |
| Reading - Factual | |
| Short stories to learn Hebrew | HE RFACT 1(PACK) |
| Reading Skills | |
| English Hebrew by subject : topic dictionary for learning & reference - 3rd ed. | HE RSKILLS 2(PACK) |
| Graded reader of Biblical Hebrew : a guide to reading the Hebrew Bible | HE RSKILLS 4 |
| Learning to read Hebrew | HE RSKILLS 1(CD-ROM) |
| Learn to read Modern Hebrew in 5 days | HE RSKILLS 3 |
| The Hebrew alphabet : a mystical journey | HE REF 2 |
| A history of the Hebrew language | HE REF 1 |
| Speaking | |
| Speak Hebrew for real : primer | HE SSKILLS 1 |
| Speak Hebrew for real : beginner | HE SSKILLS 2 |
| Speak Hebrew for real : intermediate 1 | HE SSKILLS 3 |
| Speak Hebrew for real : intermediate 2 | HE SSKILLS 4 |
| Vocabulary | |
| English Hebrew by subject : topic dictionary for learning & reference - 3rd ed. | HE VOCAB 1(PACK) |
| English Hebrew by subject : Topic dictionary for learning & reference | HE VOCAB 3(PACK) |
| Hilarious Hebrew | HE VOCAB 4 |
| Writing Skills | |
| Learn to write the Hebrew script : aleph through the looking glass | HE WSKILLS 1 |